新常态下行业绿色全要素生产率及其反馈机制研究——基于SBM—DDF方法的广东省行业面板数据

Research of Industrial Green Total Factor Productivity and its Feedback Mechanism under the New Normality------based on Guangdong Industrial Panel Data with SBM-DDF Method

摘要:

【】本文创新性地利用复合环境污染指数将广东省29个制造业行业分为轻度污染、中度污染和重度污染三大类。首先采用基于松弛的方向性距离函数(SBM-DDF)得到三类行业的基于差异的Luenberger生产率指标及其分解指标,测算各行业2003-2015年间的绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)。其次通过GTFP影响因素的实证分析揭示三类行业对各影响因素的反馈程度。估计发现GTFP及其成分对经济因素反馈不一：盈利能力(成本费用利润率)和行业发展(劳均总产值)是对GTFP及分解指标产生显著影响的两个主要变量,劳均总产值的增加对重度与中度污染行业的GTFP增长产生阻碍,而对轻度污染行业的技术效率产生推进；盈利能力的提升则通过改善GTFP的分解指标或其他媒介而对三类行业产生GTFP增益。另外,外资占比仅对轻度污染行业的GTFP有显著的负面影响,同时,外资占比对重度污染行业的不显著也并未使“污染天堂”假说在广东省得到印证；原煤消费比重的下降仅对重型污染行业GTFP的改善有促进作用。政府在鼓励产业转型升级的同时,应当因材施“政”,调整不同行业在成长期与成熟期的创新激励策略。

Abstract:

In this paper, we use composite pollution index dividing 29 manufacturing industries in Guangdong into three categories: light polluting industries, moderate polluting industries and severe polluting ones. Firstly, according to industry classification, we can get difference-based Luenberger Productivity Indicators and the decomposited indictors on the basis of the slack-based measured directional distance function (SBM-DDF), then calculate the industries’ Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) from 2004 to 2012. Secondly, we empirically analyse the GTFP influencing factors to reveal the degree of feedback on three industry categories. The results found that the feedback of GTFP and its decompositions on the economic factors varies: profitability (ratio of profits to cost) and industry development (gross industry production per labor) are the two main variables which significantly impact GTFP and its decompositions. The growth on gross industry production per labor hindered the growth of GTFP of severe and moderate pollution industries, while improved the technical efficiency of light pollution industries; enhanced profitability could benefit the GTFP on three types of industry through the decomposition of GTFP index improvement or other media. In addition, foreign investment percentage have significant negative impact only on light polluting industries’ GTFP, at the same time, foreign investment percentage didn’t significantly affect heavy polluting industries so that the pollution haven hypothesis couldn’t be confirmed in Guangdong; the proportion of coal consumption only improved GTFP of heavy polluting industries. Government should encourage industrial restructuring and upgrading as well as make policies applied to different kinds of industries and adjust different innovation incentive strategy to industries which are in the growth stage and maturation one.