3D打印技术作为第三次工业革命最具代表性的技术之一,正逐步影响着建筑行业生产方式的变革,但在我国3D打印技术还处于探索阶段,材料的选择、尺寸的限制、安全性的检验等问题都成为了推进3D打印技术在建筑领域建设中的重大障碍。本文通过对3D打印技术在建筑领域适用性的分析及国内外的应用现状对比后,从全寿命的角度出发,梳理了决策阶段、实施阶段和使用阶段3D打印技术存在的问题,并提出3D打印技术未来的发展方向,可以分成全尺寸打印、分段打印后现场装配和群组机器人打印三种模式,以此提出接下来可能的研究方向,建议从材料、机器设备、标准体系、先进性技术、同传统建造方式协同发展等方向进行研究来促进3D打印技术在建筑领域中的广泛应用。

As one of the most representative technologies in the third industrial revolution, 3D printing technology is gradually influencing the transformation of production mode in the construction industry. However, 3D printing technology is still in the exploratory stage in our country. The choice of materials, size restrictions, safety testing and other issues have become a major obstacle to the development of 3D printing technology in the field of construction. In this paper, we analyze the applicability of 3D printing technology in the construction field and compare the application status. From the point of view of the whole life, the paper analyzes the problems in the decision-making stage, the implementation stage and the use stage of 3D printing technology. Then we put forward the future development direction of 3D printing technology, which can be divided into full-size printing, segmented post-printing assembly and group robot printing. It is suggested that 3D printing technology should be widely used in the construction field from the aspects of materials, machine equipment, standard system, advanced technology, and the development of traditional construction methods in the future.

2015年江苏省省级建筑产业现代化专项资金-科技支撑项目(建筑产业现代化科技支撑体系研究)