马克思劳动价值论视角下的专利二因素分析

Analysis of the Dual Factors in Patents from the Perspective of Marx’s Labor Theory of Value

摘要:

当今知识经济时代,专利对创新驱动发展的贡献作用已愈发重要,专利的载体是技术,而科技劳动是生产劳动,同样创造价值。运用马克思劳动价值论分析技术和专利作为商品的二因素,可以发现技术和专利的价值都不包含“不费分文”的前人科研劳动成果,专利作为商品出售所获得的剩余价值有限,专利作为生产资料发挥其使用价值能够在专利保护期内获得持续的超额剩余价值,在专利实际工作中专利运营的最终目标还应放在专利作为生产资料的实施应用上来。

关键词:专利;价值;劳动价值论;剩余价值

Abstract:

In the era of knowledge-based economy, patent, the carrier of technology, plays an important role in innovation-driven economy. Scientific and technical labor, whichSis productive labor in nature, creates value. This paper analyzes the value and use value of technology and explores the dual factors in patents by means of labor theory of value. It argues that the value of the previous cost-free scientific achievements should not be included in the value of patents. When patent is sold as a commodity, limited surplus-value is achieved. Surplus-value is accumulated continuously during the patent protection on the condition that patents are used as means of production and the use value of patents is realized. Thus, more emphasis should be laid on the application of patent serving as means of production in patent operation practice.

Key words:patent; value; labor theory of value; surplus-value