21世纪日本自然科学诺贝尔奖“井喷”现象成因研究*

Research on the causes of blowout phenomenon of the Nobel Natural Science Prize in Japan in the 21st Century--Based on the analysis of R D investment from 1970 to 2005

摘要:

进入21世纪的17年中,日本获得自然科学诺贝尔奖人数多达17人,位居世界第二位,出现了诺贝尔奖“井喷”现象。这些获奖成果大都是20世纪70―90年代的科技结晶,是日本长期对科研进行稳定投入的结果。通过定量分析日本20世纪70年代以来三十多年R D投入规模和强度、来源结构、执行结构和活动类型结构,发现日本R D投入规模和强度是促进科研创新的基础,也是获得诺贝尔奖的物质基础；企业是R D投入的主要来源和使用机构,形成了独具特色的官产学研体系；R D投入活动类型结构稳定、合理,基础研究备受重视。这对我国科技发展具有重要启示：我国要制定恰当的科技发展政策；R D投入要与我国的工业化发展阶段相适应；需要协调好基础研究、应用研究和开发研究的比例,并持续加大基础研究投入。

Abstract:

In the first 17 years of the 21st century, the number of Japanese who won the Natural Science Nobel Prize reached as many as 17 people, ranking second in the world with the emergence of the Nobel Prize blowout phenomenon. These prizes are mainly the fruits of the sciences and technologies from 1970s to 1990s. It is the results of Japan"s long and steady investment for scientific research. By analyzing the scale and intensity, the source structure, the utilization structure and the activity types of R D investment about three decades since 1970s, it is found that the scale and intensity of Japanese R D investment are the basis for stimulating scientific and technological innovation, and it is also the material basis for wining Nobel Prize. Enterprise is the main source and utilization institutions of R D investment, forming a unique “Government-Industry-University-Academy system”. Activity types structure is stable and reasonable and the basic research attaches much attention. Based on the above research, the paper proposes some suggestions to China’s R D investment: Firstly, China should formulate appropriate scientific and technological development policies; Secondly, R D investment should be compatible with the stage of industrialization; Thirdly, China should also form a good government-industrial relations; Last but not least, China should coordinate the proportion of the basic research, applied research and development research, and continue to increase the investment of basic research.