Abstract:Using China's 30 provinces and cities ’data in 2000-2015, based on spatial Panel Econometrics model, research the impact of natural resources and human capital on regional innovation capability. The results have shown that: (1) natural resources、human capital and regional innovation capacity’ every index variable has Passed Moran's test , there are spatial relevance among them, the best form is spatial Durbin model of fixed effects; (2) the abundant natural resources are not conducive to the promotion of regional innovation ability, the innovation resource curse do exist, but human capital accumulation can improve regional innovation capability, control variables: GDP per capita increased and per capita financial support can improve the regional innovation capacity, but no significant impact of FDI on regional innovation capability; (3) adjacent matrix、inverse distance matrix and the social and economic weight matrix SDM spatial effects all shows that, endowment of natural resources not only reduces the level of innovation capacity in the region, but also the same to provincial and municipal level. Average years of schooling can improve the innovation capacity in the region, but it is detrimental to other provinces innovation ability. Control variables, there is no significant effects of FDI on innovation capacity in its region, however, can promote the improvement of innovation ability in adjacent areas. GDP per capita can increase the innovation capacity in its region, but detrimental to other provinces, increasing of per capita fiscal expenditure on Science and technology benefits the region’s innovative ability and around.