农业机械化系统机构创新效率时空演变及比较分析

Temporal and spatial changing and comparativeSanalysis of scientific and technological innovation efficiency of China

摘要:

为明确我国（不含港澳台地区）农业机械化（农机化）系统科技创新绩效，借助相关统计资料，全面阐述我国农机化系统机构运行状况，并基于数据包络分析（DEA）实证总体及各地区农机化系统机构科技创新效率。主要结论有：（1）我国多类型农机化机构得到一定程度精简，其中基层机构和人员降幅更大；农机化科研和推广培训投入占农机化总投入很小，基本在1.6%以下徘徊，农机化系统机构投入与产出呈现明显的“多者更多”的马太效应。（2）农机化系统机构技术有效年份较少，技术无效年份更多受纯技术效率无效影响；农机化系统机构创新技术效率损失明显，不同省份表现差异较大，即使同一省份技术效率波动也较频繁。（3）地区农机化系统机构创新技术效率均较低，其中华北、东北和西北地区的技术无效程度最高，华东、华中和华南地区稍好；地区技术效率波动明显，华北、东北、西北地区与其他地区创新技术效率差距拉大。基于研究结论提出几点启示。

Abstract:

In order to clarify the scientific and technological innovation performance of agricultural mechanization (agri-mechanization) system in China（excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan）, with the help of relevant statistical data, this paper comprehensively expounds the running situation of agri-mechanization system organization in China, demonstrates the general and regional efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of agri-mechanization system based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) many types of agri-mechanization institutions in China have been reduced to a certain extent, among which grass-roots institutions and personnel have declined even more, and agri-mechanization scientific research and extension training inputs account for a small proportion of the total investment in agri-mechanization, which basically hovers below 1.6%, the input and output of agri-mechanization system showed the Matthew effect of "more than more". (2) The effective year of agri-mechanization system in China is less, and the year of technical invalidation is more affected by pure technical efficiency, the loss of innovation technology efficiency of agri-mechanization system among provinces is obvious, and the performance of different provinces varies greatly, even in the same province, technical efficiency fluctuates more frequently. (3) The technical innovation efficiencies of agri-mechanization system in various regions of China are low, and the degrees of technical inefficiency in north, northeast and northwest regions are the highest, and that in east, central and south regions are better; the technical efficiencies fluctuate obviously in different regions, and the gap between north, northeast, northwest and other regions is widening. Based on the conclusions of the study, several enlightenments are put forward.