Abstract:s: Aiming at the coordinated development of the safety and productiveness of the coal production logistics system, the influence factors and interaction mechanism of resource allocation in coal production logistics system are analyzed and theoretical model of interaction mechanism is constructed. Furthermore, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is adopted to measure and analyze the influencing factors of resource allocation, and reveal the influence path and influence degree of each influence factor. The results show that, the human resource subsystem, the equipment subsystem and safety management subsystem have significant influence on the coal production logistics system’s safety and productiveness, the environmental improvement subsystem has a significant influence on the coal production logistics system’s productiveness, and the emergency response subsystem and environment improvement subsystem have no significant influence on the coal production logistics system’s safety.