美国国家污染物排放消除系统许可证（NPDES）是实践证明比较有效的一种排污许可证。当前我国正逐渐推行的排污许可证管理还存在较大不足，已经严重影响到排污许可证的实施效果。介绍和分析NPDES许可证实施办法的精细化科学管理方式，提出借鉴NPDES许可证在长期发展中积累的管理经验，结合我国国情和实际，在排污许可证的精细管理、分类管理、流域管理、行政执法监督检查程序、强化环保组织参与等方面不断予以完善。

The U.S.A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit is proved to be effective in practice. At present, there is still a large shortage of China Pollution Discharge Permit Management, which has seriously affected implementation of pollution discharge permit. This paper introduces and analyzes the meticulous and scientific management methods of NPDES permit, and provides the management experience accumulated in the long term development of NPDES license, combining with the national conditions and reality of our country, in order to continuously improve the aspects such as fine management of sewage permits, classification management, watershed management, administrative law enforcement supervision and inspection procedures, strengthening the participation of environmental protection organizations, etc.

教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“粤港澳大湾区环境行政执法冲突和协调”（18YJA820025）；广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“粤港澳大湾区环境影响评价制度研究”（GD18CFX01）；中国法学会部级法学研究课题“粤港澳大湾区跨界水污染法律治理研究”（CLS2018C27）