现阶段,我国出台了一系列政策推进创新型国家的建设,以创新驱动经济发展。对于创新绩效而言,政府扶持作为“无形的手”和市场竞争作为“有形的手”是最重要的两大影响动因。本文运用Meta分析方法,对双元创新动因,即政府扶持和市场竞争与企业创新绩效关系的149项研究进行定量研究。元分析结果发现：政府扶持和市场竞争对创新绩效同时都具有积极的促进作用。在对政府扶持进行分类研究后,发现直接技术补贴、税收优惠与创新绩效的正相关程度存在显著差异。为了研究上述差异化的原因,本文从产权异质性和行业特征两方面的调节作用进行考虑。研究发现产权异质性调节了政府扶持与创新绩效之间的关系,这一相关性在民营企业更加明显；在行业差异化的条件下,创新绩效对政府扶持和市场竞争的反应程度都具有区别,在高新技术企业的表现尤为明显。

At present, China vigorously carries out a series of policies that emphasize the need to speed up the pace of establishing an innovation-oriented country and promote economic development through innovation. For innovation performance, government subsidies regard as supporting hand" and market competition regard as "invisible supportinghand"are the two most important motivators. This paper has 149 quantitative studies. The result of meta-analysis shows that government subsidies plays a positive role in promoting innovation performance as a "visible hand", and market competition can significantly promote innovation performanceas as a "invisible hand". After classifying the government subsidies, we find that there is a significant difference between the direct technology subsidies and tax incentives on the innovation performance. Furthermore, we consider the effect of the differernt types of ownerships and industry characteristics, and find that among the non-state-owned enterprises, the correlation coefficient between government subsidies and innovation performance is significantly larger than the correlation coefficient between government subsidies and innovation performance in state-owned enterprises. There are significant differences in the relationship between government subsidies and market competition and firm innovation performance under different industry characteristics. The research in this paper can provide theoretical and practical references for the research on the motivation innovationdrivers and the innovationperformance of listed firms.

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国家社科基金重点项目13AGL003;北京市社会科学北京市教育委员会社科计划重点项目SZ201610005001