从“一五”到“十二五”：印度科技创新规划体系研究

From 1st FYP to 12nd FYP: Research on India’s Science Technology and Innovation Plan System

摘要:

尽管印度是世界上唯一与中国具备相似的五年计划历程并使之成为推动经济社会发展的关键重大政策工具的国家，但对印度科技创新五年计划的研究却甚为罕见。本研究系统梳理了从1951年“一五”到2017年“十二五”期间印度科技创新规划体系的发展历程、组成结构、战略思想、预算与资助、决策与编制及其重大新动向。论文结论认为，如果说印度在21世纪的崛起是大概率，科技创新将在这一崛起过程中起到关键性作用并持续增大；莫迪总理对科技创新的主要思路概括起来为12个字：经济发展优先、科技创新助力。论文研判认为，莫迪总理治下的印度科技创新已发生若干重大变化：一是执政思路上同时强化集权和市场两条逻辑主线；二是政策手段上重长远、去计划、重地方，将旧有的计划体制改变为以更长远眼光考虑国家发展方向。

关键词:科技创新规划体系，五年计划，莫迪，印度，公共政策

Abstract:

Although India is the only country which utilize Five year plan（FYPs）to be its main development policy tool, there is few research on this topic. This research has studied India’s STI plan history, structure, strategic guideline, budget& funding and recent major changes from its 1st to 12th FYPs. The conclusion is: STI will play an ever-important role in India’s rising; PM Modi’s India government has put STI an enabler role to its economic development. The paper forecasts three major changes in India’s STI governance. The conclusion is major changes have happened in Modi’s India STI agenda, first of which being strengthened power-oriented and market-oriented. The second feature of India’s STI plan will have three characteristics, being long and mid-term, being out of fiscal budget and being participative.

Key words:STI plan system, Five year plan（FYPs）,Modi, India, public policy