美国国防科技民用转化的经验及启示

Experience and Enlightenment of Military Technology Transfer Practice in the United States

摘要:

国防科技民用转化是促进军民科技融合,实现国防建设与经济建设协调发展的重要环节。美国通过构建科学配套的政策制度体系、多元协同的技术转化机制和全面流畅的中介服务体系,有效地促进了国防技术在民用部门的扩散,推动了国家经济竞争力的提升。结合美国实践的成功要素及实际国情,我国应从加强顶层设计、完善国防知识产权管理制度、激活科研人员企业家精神、构建多元化科技转化机制、强化信息披露交流以及培育中介服务机构六方面着手,深入推动国防科技民用转化,充分发挥国防科技对产业转型升级的潜力。

Abstract:

Transfer of military technology is an important way to promote military and civilian technology integration and achieve coordinated development of defense and economy. By establishing a complementing policy system, multiple cooperative transfer mechanisms and intermediary system, United States has effectively promoted the commercialization of military technology, boosting the national economy competitiveness. Combining the American successful practice and the actual condition, China should enhance top-down design, improve defense intellectual property rights management, inspire entrepreneurial spirit of researchers, establish multiple technology transfer mechanisms, strengthen mutual communication and cultivate intermediary system to foster the transfer of military technology, explore the potentiality of military technology to industry upgrading.