知识溢出、高校创新投入与经济增长——基于包含创新部门的新经济地理增长模型及检验

Knowledge Spillover，University R&D Investment and Economic Growth——An Empirical Analysis Based on The New Economic Geography Growth Model Including Innovation Department

摘要:

高校是科技创新的重要阵地，也是知识创造和传播的主体。本文通过构建一个包含创新部门的新经济地理增长模型，分析知识溢出、创新投入对经济增长的影响。研究发现，知识溢出和高校创新投入对经济增长具有正向影响作用。在此基础上，选取2004-2015年我国省级面板数据，采用系统GMM的工具变量法，构建空间动态面板杜宾模型，在结构视角下考察了高校创新投入对经济增长的影响作用。结果表明：时间维度上，高校创新投入对经济增长具有显著的促进效应；空间维度上，高校创新投入对经济增长影响具有显著的外部性特征，高校基础研究经费内部支出、高校应用研究经费内部支出对经济增长具有显著的正向溢出效应，且知识溢出和高校创新投入对经济增长的影响在不同区域存在差异性。本文的政策含义是，应加大高校R&D投入、优化投入结构，同时构建区域创新体系，深化高校科研体制改革，激发科技创新活力。

关键词:高校创新投入;时空效应;新经济地理学;空间动态面板杜宾模型

Abstract:

University is not only the main body of knowledge creation and dissemination, but also an important position of scientific and technological innovation. A new economic geography growth model including innovation department is constructed to analyze the impact of the university R&D investment and knowledge spillover on economic growth. Using the panel data of China's provincial-level from 2004 to 2015 and the method of the system GMM, Dubin model for spatial dynamic panel is constructed to analyze the impact of the university R&D investment on economic growth from a structural perspective. The results show that: the university R&D investment has a significant effect on the economic growth from the aspects of time dimension; the university R&D investment has an obvious externality characteristic to the economic growth, and the spatial spillover effect of the applied research expenditure and the basic research expenditure are positive; the impact of knowledge spillover and the university R&D investment on economic growth are different in different regions. These policies and suggestions are proved, including increasing the university R&D investment, optimizing the input structure, building a regional innovation system, deepening the reform of scientific research institutions and stimulating the vitality of scientific and technological innovation.

Key words:University R&D Investment; Time-space Effect; New Economic Geography; Dubin Model for Spatial Dynamic Panel