广东省制造业创新的结构特征与格局演变研究

Structural Characters and Spatial Pattern of Manufacturing Innovation in Guangdong

摘要:

随着知识经济时代到来，我国经济发展模式正在从要素驱动和投资驱动阶段向创新阶段转变，创新对于实现经济可持续发展的作用越来越显著。制造业作为国民经济发展的主体，研究制造业创新的结构特征和空间格局演化，对于深化创新地理理论和优化地区经济结构有重要的意义。本文以制造业大省广东省为研究对象，从制造业创新研发和制造业创新转化两个环节构建制造业创新指标评价体系，运用三次经济普查数据，对广东省制造业创新的结构特征和格局演化进行深入探讨。本文发现：广东省大型企业的制造业创新能力高于中小型制造企业，但小型企业的制造业创新活力较强；外商投资企业的制造业创新能力最强，而内资企业中股份有限公司和有限责任公司的创新能力较好；通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业、烟草制品业和黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业等行业的创新能力较强，而纺织服装、家具制造、造纸印刷等劳动密集型行业的创新能力较弱；广东省制造业创新在新产品开发环节强于基础研发环节，呈现显著的“中心-外围”格局，从业人口规模、GDP规模对广东省制造业创新有较显著的推动作用。

Abstract:

With the knowledge-based economy era, Chinese economic developing pattern is shifting from element-driven and investment-driven phase to innovation-driven phase. Innovation plays a more and more significant role in achieving sustainable economic development. As manufacturing becomes the main body of national economy development, research on structure characters and spatial pattern change of manufacturing innovation is great important for deepening innovation geography theory and optimizing the regional economic structure. In this paper, we build an index system of manufacturing innovation from manufacturing innovation R&D and manufacturing innovation transformation, and use economic census data in 2004, 2008 and 2013, for investigating the structural characteristics and pattern evolution of manufacturing innovation in Guangdong Province. Our findings are: The manufacturing innovation capability of large enterprises in Guangdong Province is higher than that of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, but the manufacturing innovation vitality in small enterprises is better. Foreign-invested enterprises have the strongest manufacturing innovation capability, and joint-stock company and limited liability company have a better innovating ability in domestic-funded companies. Communications equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing, tobacco products industry and ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industries are more innovative while labor-intensive industries such as textile and garment, furniture manufacturing and paper-making and printing industry are less capable of innovation. Basic research innovation is stronger than new product innovation in Guangdong Province, showing a significant "center-periphery" pattern. Moreover, employed population and GDP size have a significant impetus to the innovation of manufacturing industry in Guangdong.