新发展理念下北京市创新主体投入结构产出效率动态分析

Dynamic analysis for output efficiency of the input structure of Beijing innovation subject under the new concept of development

摘要:

本文运用BCC模型对2005-2016年间北京市企业、高校、科研机构的专利产出效率进行测算和评价，并构建出同时包含企业、高校与科研机构在内的虚拟变量模型对三者的专利产出效率差异性进行了稳健性分析，然后通过DEA-malquist指数方法将三者的效率分别进行分解，探究其效率的动态变化情况及原因，最后利用灰色关联分析模型探究这三大创新主体各自的内部投入结构对专利产出效率的影响。研究结果表明综合专利产出效率从高至低依次为企业、高校、科研机构。企业、高校与科研机构的效率总体上均在逐年提高，但企业R&D效率的提高主要来自于技术进步，高校与科研机构的效率提高是技术进步效应和规模效率降低的复合作用效果。三者各自的内部投入结构的专利产出效应存在较大的差异。对此，对三大主体创新效率的提高，从动态优化的角度提出了政策建议。

Abstract:

This paper uses the BCC model to estimate and evaluate the efficiency of the patent output of enterprises, universities and research institutions in Beijing according to the data from 2005 to 2016.Then a dummy variable model, including the three Innovation Subjects, is constructed to analyze the robustness of the difference between their patent output efficiency. After that, the efficiency of the three is analyzed by the DEA-malquist index method to explore details and reasons of dynamic changes of their respective efficiency. Finally, by using Grey relational model, the impact of their respective internal investment structure on the efficiency is explored. The result shows that the comprehensive efficiency of patent output of enterprises is the highest one, followed by universities and research institutions and the overall efficiency of enterprises, universities and research institutions are increasing year by year. But the main engine of enterprise R&D efficiency is technical progress, while the improvement of universities and research institutions efficiency is caused by technical progress and reduced scale efficiency. In addition, there is a big difference between the effect of the input structure and resource types of the three on their patent output efficiency. This paper puts forward some policy Suggestions from the perspective of dynamic optimization.