无人驾驶汽车规范发展法律路径研究

Research on The Legal Path of Driverless Cars

摘要:

无人驾驶汽车作为“站在四个轮子上的机器人”,正成为汽车领域的新蓝海。各国无人驾驶汽车领域的竞争已不仅是技术的竞争,也是人工智能的法律竞争。面对无人驾驶汽车的大趋势,我国立法应当为其提供从研发到责任认定的全方位的规范。首先,在发展进路上,无人驾驶汽车应当选择渐进式发展路径,且前期不以学习能力为其必备的技术内容；其次,在制度保障上,通过许可制度、强制认证制度、乘客隐私权保护制度和运行报告制度等,为无人驾驶汽车的研发与利用提供制度保障；最后,无人驾驶汽车交通事故中责任认定在侵权责任与产品责任之外,还存在各方均无过错的情形,对此,扩充无过错责任的适用范围,将汽车制造商和车主纳入无过错责任主体,方能保障无人驾驶汽车交通事故的追偿。

Abstract:

Driverless cars, as "robots standing on four wheels," are becoming the new blue sea in the automotive world. Competition in the field of driverless cars is not only the competition of technology, but also the legal competition of artificial intelligence.In the face of the big trend of driverless cars, China's legislation should provide a comprehensive standard from research and development to accountability. First of all, in the development of the process, driverless cars should choose the gradual development path, and do not take the learning ability as its necessary technical content;Secondly, on the institutional guarantee, through the license system, compulsory certification system, passenger privacy protection system and run the report system, etc., for unmanned vehicle research and development and utilization to provide institutional guarantee；Finally, self-driving car traffic accident responsibility identification in tort liability and product liability, there are all parties without fault, the expansion of scope of application of liability without fault, the car manufacturer and owner into no-fault liability subject to security driverless cars recovery from a traffic accident.