在大数据的时代背景下,构建基于大数据实时信息更新的应急物资配置模式,可以有效解决以往应急物资配置过程中的冗余浪费、低效率、高成本等问题,有利于实现灾害应急救援物资精准配置的目标。结合应急管理大数据的基本特征,基于应急物资的需求预测、调度优化、靶向分配和灾民满意度调查等四个具体模块构建突发灾害应急物资配置模式,并指出要实现该配置模式的运行,需要持续完善并贯彻实施国家级大数据发展战略、加大对大数据技术研发与推广投入、深度推进大数据战略及技术在应急管理领域的应用。该模式可以使传统的灾害应急管理向精细化和精准化方向发展。

In the context of big data, constructing the allocation mode of disasters emergency materials based on real-time information update of big data can effectively solve the problems of redundant waste, low efficiency and high cost in the process of emergency material allocation and achieve the goal of precise allocation of rescue materials. Based on the basic characteristics of emergency management big data, this paper constructs the emergency material allocation mode from four specific modules: emergency material demand forecasting, scheduling optimization, targeted allocation and victims’ satisfaction survey. To achieve its operation, it is necessary to continuously improve and implement the national big data development strategy, increase the investment in research and promotion of big data technologies, and promote the application of big data development strategy and technology in the field of emergency management. This mode can make the traditional emergency management develop in the direction of refinement and precision.

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国家自然科学基金项目“大数据驱动下基于灾民特性的重大自然灾害应急物资精准配置研究”（71774042）；国家留学基金项目“非常规突发事件应急物资分配优化模型研究”（201706120231）