美国海洋油气开发环境保护管理对我国的启示研究*

Study on the enlightenment of offshore oil and gas development environmental protection in the USA

摘要:

伴随海洋油气开发活动逐渐增多,对其的监督管理提出了更高要求。本文通过梳理美国海洋油气勘探开发环境保护管理的法律体系,研究其在墨西哥湾漏油事件后的监督管理框架,剖析海洋开发活动事前、事中和事后的管理制度,归纳总结了美国海洋油气开发环境保护管理值得借鉴的经验：一是建立了较为完整的法律法规体系和衔接较为紧密的制度体系,二是在管理中善于运用经济处罚和油污责任信托基金等经济手段,三是反应迅速、运行高效的海上溢油应急体系发挥着重要作用。通过总结这些经验,希望对提升我国海上油气开发管理水平起到借鉴作用。

Abstract:

As the development of offshore oil and gas development, strict supervision and management of environmental protection of these activities has been highly demanded．Development. This paper expatiates the legal system of offshore oil and gas development environmental protection in the USA, and analyzes the adjustment of offshore oil and gas supervision framework after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. After studying regulations in the whole process of offshore oil and gas development activities, the paper summarizes the experience of offshore oil and gas regulation in the United States, that is, first of all, a complete legal and regulation system has been established; secondly, many economy policies such as economy punishment and U. S. Oil Spilling Liability Trust Fund(OSLTF) have been applied in the management; finally, an efficient marine oil spill emergency has played a great role in the USA. The paper puts forward some enlightenment, and hoping to provide some references to enhance the management of our offshore oil and gas development.