基于深化科技体制改革的陕西技术创新模式转变路径与政策体系研究

A Study on the Transformation Path and Policy System of Shaanxi"s Technological Innovation Mode Based on Deepening the Reform of Science and Technology System

摘要:

经过改革开放40年的经济和科技体制改革,我国科技力量的数量布局已发生了根本性变化,到2017年,企业占全社会研发经费总量达到78%,已取代高校、科研院所成为全社会研发经费投入的主体,我国科技成果转化模式向技术创新模式转变的微观基础条件已经形成。但在陕西,企业占全社会研发经费总量仅为47.7%,这种微观基础远未形成。在新时代,陕西实现技术创新模式转变的路径和政策措施主要一是以加大企业研发投入强度为着力点,促进企业真正成为技术创新的主体；二是以体制机制创新为保障,提高科技成果本地转化率；三是以切实落实带整体突破性的“陕九条”政策为突破口,引导科技创新人才在企业技术创新活动中“名利双收”并向企业流动；四是以推动企业走自主创新道路为方向,实现陕西强大的国家科技从创新链到产业链上下游链接下游的原始创新,强化大型企业和工程的集成创新,突出中小企业引进消化吸收再创新；五是要切实解决政府激励企业技术创新政策过剩、越位和错位问题,如要把激励企业技术创新事前的财政补贴,转向面向消费市场补贴,即把创新经费补贴给需求方、采购方、技术使用方或者是企业取得重大创新之后再予补贴。

Abstract:

After 40 years of reform and opening up of economy and science and technology system reform, the number distribution of China"s scientific and technological forces has undergone fundamental changes. By 2017, the total amount of research and development funds in the whole society reached 78%, which has been the main body of research and development funds in the whole society instead of colleges and research institutions. The micro foundation conditions for the transformation of the new model have been formed. But in Shaanxi, enterprises account for only 47.7% of the total R D expenditure in the whole society. This micro foundation is far from being formed. In the new era, the main path and policy measures to realize the transformation of technological innovation mode in Shaanxi is to increase the investment intensity of enterprise R D as the focus point, promote the enterprise to be the main body of technological innovation firstly; secondly, to guarantee the system mechanism innovation, improve the local conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements, and thirdly, to effectively implement the overall breakthrough The policy of "Shaanxi nine" is the breakthrough point to guide the scientific and technological innovation talents in the enterprise technology innovation activities and flow to the enterprises. Fourthly, to promote the enterprise to take the road of independent innovation as the direction, to realize the original innovation of Shaanxi"s powerful national science and technology from the innovation chain to the downstream chain of the industrial chain, and to strengthen the large enterprises. The integration and innovation of industry and engineering highlights the introduction of digestion, absorption and innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises; Fifthly,to effectively solve the problem of excess, offside and dislocation of the government"s incentives for technological innovation, for example, to encourage the financial subsidies before the technological innovation of the enterprises and to the subsidy for the consumer market, that is, to subsidize the innovation funds to the demand side, Buyers, technical users or enterprises will be subsidized after major innovations have been made.