本文结合可表征科学研究能力的论文份额（PS）指标和表征科学研究影响力的被引用度（CD）指标定义了用于表征基础研究发展水平的基础研究发展指数（DI）指标，并参考自然指数分析采用的期刊选择104种期刊作为基础科学各学科的代表性期刊样本，计算并对比分析了中国与美国、英国、德国、法国、日本在各学科的基础研究发展指数及综合发展指数。结果显示，中国在各学科的研究都呈现出增长的发展趋势，特别是除了天文学外，中国在其他学科的增长速度都位居第1；中国在各学科的排名中，化学已经位居第1，地学和综合学科位居第2，物理学科位居第3，数学和生物学科位居第4，天文学科位居第6；上述进步使得中国基础科学研究综合发展指数已逐步超越日本、法国、德国、英国，至2017年位居第2。上述结果表明，本文提出的发展指数可以作为表征基础研究水平的指标，可以用于基础研究趋势分析，并为科研机构和学科评估等提供一个定量手段。

In this paper, developmental index (DI) of basic research is defined to characterize the developmental level of basic research by combining paper share (PS) index and cited degree (CD) index that characterize the capacity and impacts of basic research, respectively. A journals sample that contains 104 Journals, as representative journals of various disciplines in basic science fields are chosen by referencing Nature Index’s journals. The DIs and the comprehensive developmental degree (CDI) of six countries (China, USA, UK, Germany, France and Japan) are calculated on each discipline and on the whole basic science fields, respectively. The findings show, the development of each discipline all exhibit an uptrend in China. Especially, except astronomy, the slopes of fitting line on DI of other disciplines all rank 1st. The China‘s ranking of various disciplines in the 6 countries show, chemistry is the 1st, earth sciences and multidiscipline is the 2nd, physics is the 3rd, mathematics and biology is the 4th, and astronomy is 6th. The CDI of the China’s basic science research has exceed successively 4 countries (Japan, France, Germany and UK), the ranking is 2nd at 2007. Overall, the DI can be a index that characterize developmental level of basic research, may be used to analyze the trend of the basic research, and provide a quantized means for assessment on scientific research institution and disciplines.

科技部科技创新战略研究专项项目“重点科技领域发展热点跟踪研究”（项目编号：ZLY2015072）