Abstract:In this paper, developmental index (DI) of basic research is defined to characterize the developmental level of basic research by combining paper share (PS) index and cited degree (CD) index that characterize the capacity and impacts of basic research, respectively. A journals sample that contains 104 Journals, as representative journals of various disciplines in basic science fields are chosen by referencing Nature Index’s journals. The DIs and the comprehensive developmental degree (CDI) of six countries (China, USA, UK, Germany, France and Japan) are calculated on each discipline and on the whole basic science fields, respectively. The findings show, the development of each discipline all exhibit an uptrend in China. Especially, except astronomy, the slopes of fitting line on DI of other disciplines all rank 1st. The China‘s ranking of various disciplines in the 6 countries show, chemistry is the 1st, earth sciences and multidiscipline is the 2nd, physics is the 3rd, mathematics and biology is the 4th, and astronomy is 6th. The CDI of the China’s basic science research has exceed successively 4 countries (Japan, France, Germany and UK), the ranking is 2nd at 2007. Overall, the DI can be a index that characterize developmental level of basic research, may be used to analyze the trend of the basic research, and provide a quantized means for assessment on scientific research institution and disciplines.