中国农业专利的分布及影响因素

Distribution and Influence Factors of China's Agricultural Patent

摘要:

梳理1985—2017年间中国农业发明专利和实用新型专利的演进，采用Pyatt分解的基尼系数量化区域分布差异变化，并实证省域层面专利数的影响因素。研究发现：中国农业专利数加速攀升，专利以动植物栽培管理工艺和人工合成剂类居多，研发主体以本土农业科研机构为核心，本土企业在数量上正赶超美日欧跨国公司；区域间专利布局不均衡且存在马太效应，东北区域内失衡严重；科技研发经费投入与农业经济发展是专利增长的重要因素，科研机构从业人员与地方专利激励政策的作用不显著。

Abstract:

This paper statistically combs the evolution of agricultural invention patents and utility model patents in China from 1985 to 2017, uses the Gini coefficient decomposed by Pyatt to quantify the regional distribution differences, and demonstrates the influencing factors of the number of patents at the provincial level. It is found that the number of agricultural patents in China is accelerating, the majority of patents are animal and plant cultivation and management techniques and synthetic agents, the main body of research and development is local agricultural scientific research institutions, and the number of local enterprises is catching up with and surpassing the multinational corporations of the United States, Japan and Europe; the distribution of patents between regions is unbalanced and there is Matthew effect, and the imbalance is serious in Northeast China; the investment of R&D funds and the development of agricultural economy are the important factors of patent growth, and the role of employees of scientific research institutions and local patent incentive policies is not significant.