能源转型的制度创新:德国经验与启示

Sheng Chunhong

摘要:

基于德国政府在激励公众参与能源转型的制度创新,从公众参与可再生能源发电、可再生能源消费、以及积极参与家庭节能的制度设计,阐明公众参与对能源可持续发展的重要意义。德国政府通过能源转型的法治建设,减少公众参与可再生能源的不确定性；通过市场化政策手段,将居民绿色消费理念转化为绿色消费行动；以及通过信息公开透明等自愿性机制,强化了公众参与能源转型的积极主动性。目前我国倡导电力需求侧管理改革,德国激励公众参与能源转型的机制经验对我国具有重要借鉴意义。

Abstract:

German government launched series of institutional innovations and made noticeable progress since the energy transition strategy. Through the legal, economic, and administrative tools, the German government encouraged public participation in energy transition and overcome various challenges during the process of energy transition. It innovatively created a legal system to reduce the uncertainty in the renewable energy investment for the public. It required actors in energy market to disclosure more information about their products" energy and environmental impact to curtail the information asymmetry in the electricity market. In the energy saving market, the government adopts multiple measurements to help improve the energy performance of the German households. German institutionally innovation has implications for China which is striving to build a demand-side energy system.