Abstract:Based on strategic orientation theory and organizational equilibrium theory, this paper constructs a relationship model between strategic orientation and ambidextrous human resource management system (HRMS). Based on the empirical analysis of 240 manufacturing enterprises in China’s Yangtze River Delta region, this paper shows that the learning orientation and technology orientation have significant positive effects on the control oriented HRMS, and the learning orientation and technology orientation have significant positive effects on the commitment oriented HRMS. Further, this paper finds that the matching equilibrium between learning orientation and technology oriented have significant positive effects on the matching equilibrium between the control oriented HRMS and the commitment oriented HRMS, and the joint equilibrium of learning orientation and technology orientation also has a significant positive effect on the joint equilibrium of the control oriented HRMS and the commitment-oriented HRMS. The results of the study clarify the influence mechanism of strategic orientation on HRMS, and have implications for enterprise strategic management and human resource management in the process of transformation and development.