国家实验室的项目制建设方法研究——以中美4个国家实验室为例

A Study on Project System Construction Method of National Laboratories：Take Four National Laboratories from China and United States As Examples

摘要:

面对如何建设国家实验室的追问，选取中美4个典型国家实验室，采用多案例分析方法研究了国家实验室项目制建设方法。在分析了项目制方法与国家实验室建设之间契合关系的基础上梳理与总结了国家实验室项目制建设方法实践探索中的若干经验：以“政府议程→国家战略→项目设立”的方式启动国家实验室建设；借助项目增量更替实现国家实验室可持续、高水平推进；通过整体发包和分包两种方式实现国家实验室所需资源的项目化供给。基于研究结论，结合中国国家实验室建设现状，从项目化方式的灵活、组合运用，项目群的优化管理，项目“计划-市场”二元性的秉持，项目实施的平台化四个方面给出了今后国家实验室项目制建设方法的优化建议。

Abstract:

In the face of how to build a national laboratory, choosing four typical national laboratories from China and United States, multi-case analysis method is used to study the project system construction method of national laboratories. The natural relationship between project system method and national laboratories’ construction is analyzed, and then combed and summarized some experiences in the project system construction method of national laboratories: The construction of the laboratories starting with the “government agenda→national strategy→projects setting”, achieving sustainable and high level advance through incremental project replacement, the resources supply based on project methods including the overall contracting and subcontracting methods. Based on the research conclusions, combined with the status quo of China's national laboratories construction, gives four optimization suggestions for the project system construction methods of national laboratories in the future, including the flexible and combined use of project-based methods, the optimal management of project groups, the plan-market duality use of project, and the platformization implementation of project.