国家科技竞争力评价方法比较——基于国际典型案例的分析

Comparative Study on National Science and Technology Competitiveness Evaluation Methods：Based on Analysis of International Typical Cases

摘要:

国家科技竞争力是一国科技实力的综合体现，是增强一国综合国力的重要因素，因此对于国家科技竞争力的合理评价至关重要。从理论分析中得出相关评价的两种路径，选取4个国际典型的国家科技竞争力相关评价方法，对其发展过程和各个体系现状分别进行分析，并比较几种方法的评价对象、理论基础和具体指标，发现这些评价方法存在理论基础过时、重视排名导向和数据可信度低等问题；在此基础上，对我国国家科技竞争力评价工作提出相应建议。

Abstract:

National science and technology competitiveness is a comprehensive manifestation of national scientific and technological strength and an important factor in enhancing overall national strength. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the competitiveness of national science and technology reasonably. This paper draws two paths of relevant evaluation from the theoretical analysis, and selects four internationally typical national scientific and technological competitiveness related evaluation methods, analyzes its development process and the status quo of each system separately, compares the evaluation objects of several methods. The theoretical basis and specific indicators have found that these evaluation methods have problems such as outdated theoretical basis, attention to ranking guidance and low data credibility. On this basis, some suggestions are put forward for the evaluation of national scientific and technological competitiveness in China.