Abstract:As an important organizational capability of the enterprise, alliance management capability has a significant impact on the innovation performance, but the specific impact mechanism needs further study. Based on the Resource-Based View and the theory of organizational learning, proposed and tested the mediating role of knowledge transfer in the relationship between alliance management ability and innovation performance, explaining the mechanism of alliance management ability on innovation performance. Through questionnaire survey and data analysis of 164 domestic companies, the research shows: coordination ability, communication ability, and relationship ability have a positive impact on innovation performance; knowledge transfer plays a full mediating role in the impact of relationship ability on innovation performance, and part mediating role in the impact of coordination ability and relationship ability on innovation performance.