中美制造业对高技术服务业效率影响的比较研究

A Comparative Research on the Effect of Manufacture on High Technology Service Efficiency between China and the United States

摘要:

随着经济全球化的加速和高新技术的发展,新一轮的产业结构调整日益深刻地影响着各国经济、产业的发展模式,服务业与制造业融合成为产业发展的新趋势,创新成为经济增长新动力。本文首先运用非竞争型投入产出表,从产业关联角度,分析中美制造业对高技术服务业的投入率和需求率,发现中国制造业对高技术服务业的中间投入率和需求率均比美国高。然后,本文进一步运用非竞争型I-O,将制造业效率分解为国内增加值效率和进口产品效率,在此基础上,立足于制造业国内增加值效率,分析中美制造业对高技术服务业效率的影响,结果表明,中国大多数低端制造业增加值效率比美国高,而美国高端制造业增加值效率比中国高,美国高端制造业效率提高,更能有效带动其他行业产生增加值,促进其他行业发展。因此,中国应借鉴美国高端产业发展的成功经验,加大高端产业的政策支持,提高创新能力,促进制造业和高技术服务业融合、加快高素质人才培养提高劳动效率等建议。

Abstract:

With the acceleration of economic globalization and the development of high and new technology, a new round of industrial restructuring has increasingly influenced the development mode of all countries" economy and industry. The integration of service and manufacture has become a new trend of industrial development, and innovation has become a new driving force for economic growth. Firstly, with Non-competitive I-O, it analyzes the input rate of and the demand rate of manufacturing industry to high-tech service industry from the perspective of industrial correlation. It is found that the intermediate input rate and the demand rate of Chinese manufacturing industry for high-tech service industry are higher than those of the United States.Secondly,with Non-competitive I-O, manufacturing efficiency is decomposed into domestic value-added efficiency and import product efficiency.Then, based on the domestic value-added efficiency of manufacture, it analyzes the impact of Chinese and American manufacture on the efficiency of high-tech service. The result shows that the added value efficiency of China"s most low-end manufacturing is higher than that of the United States, while the added value efficiency of the US high-end manufacturing is higher than China"s. The efficiency of high-end manufacturing in the United States is increasing, which can effectively drive other industries to produce added value and promote the development of other industries.Therefore, China should learn from the successful experience of American industrial development, strengthen financial support for high-tech enterprises, improve the innovation ability, promote the integration of manufacture and high-tech service, accelerate the training of high-quality talents to improve labor efficiency,and so on.