有效防范生态环境风险是环境管理的重要内容。通过文献调研的方法,综述了美国生态风险评价发展历程及评价框架。从重金属污染物、有机污染物、自然灾害及社会开发活动三方面,评述了生态风险评价方法、结果表征及评价结果应用。基于生态风险评价进展,提出了加强我国生态毒性数据的积累和数据库建设、建立全过程生态环境风险防范体系、提高生态风险评价结果的可比性、加强不确定性分析等建议,为长效生态风险管理提供技术支持。

Effective prevention of eco-environmental risks is an important part of environmental management. Through the method of literature research, the development history and the framework of ecological risk assessment in the United States were reviewed. From three aspects of heavy metal pollutants, organic pollutants, natural disasters and social development activities, the ecological risk assessment methods, results characterization and application of a results were commented. Based on the progress of ecological risk assessment, proposals were put forward to strengthen the accumulation of ecological toxicity data and database construction in China, establish a full-process eco-environmental risk prevention system, improve the comparability of ecological risk assessment results, and strengthen the analysis of uncertainties, etc., which provide technical support for long-term ecological risk management.

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中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项（NO.JY-21277133）