论品种权保护制度中的先用权

Research on the Prior User Rights of Variety Rights Protection System

摘要:

先用权例外是品种权保护的限制之一,旨在弥补品种先申请原则的不足,维护在先植物发明人的权益。品种先用权的属性是一种不完全独占权,其主体包括在先育种人和其他合法继受人,客体是与受保护品种相同或等同的品种,内容包括培育、使用或销售、许诺销售等。财产权劳动理论、利益平衡理论、经济正义理论是植物品种先用权制度存在的正当性基础。为平衡先用权人与品种权人之间的利益,应从行为要件、主观要件、权利范围、时间要件等方面确定品种先用权的适用条件。此外,为使品种先用权的主张有据可依,可考虑建立植物新品种先用权证书制度。

Abstract:

The prior user rights is one of the restrictions on the protection of variety rights, it aims to make up for the principle of first-to-file application’s shortcomings in variety rights, and protect prior users’ rights. The plant variety’s prior user rights is an imperfect exclusive rights, its subject includes the prior breeder and other legal successors, and the object is the same or equivalent to the protected plant variety, including cultivate, use or sell, and offering for sale. The theory of property-labor, the theory of balance of interests, and the theory of overall social interests are the justifications for the plant variety’s prior user rights. In order to balance the interests between the prior user and the variety owners, the prior user rights’ applicable requirements should be determined from the aspects of the behavioral elements, subjective requirements, exercise of rights’ scope, and time requirements. In addition, in order to implement the prior user rights, a certificate system for the prior user of plant varieties should be established.