国际生物技术研究开发安全管理现状与启示

The international management situation and inspiration of the safety about biotechnology research and development

摘要:

生物技术是典型的两用性技术，随着生物技术研究开发持续升温，争议事件频发，风险性日益加剧。为了解国际生物技术研究开发安全管理现状，本文通过文献调研、分析与综合、比较研究等方法，对当前国际生物技术研究开发活动存在的安全问题及其监管进行了较为深入的分析，发现当前生物技术两用性问题日益严重，国内外对此开展了一定研究并采取了相应了管理措施。并总结了这些管理措施具有有法可依或有章可循、但管理模式存在差异，管理对象类型不同、管理范围有宽有窄，对于特殊研究开发活动多以许可方式严格管理，设有特定的安全管理机构等特点，以期对我国构建生物技术研究开发安全管理体系提供借鉴。

Abstract:

Biotechnology is a typical dual-use technology. As biotechnology research and development continues to heat up, controversial events occur frequently accompanied with the increase in biosafety risk. In order to analyze the international management situation of the safety about biotechnology research and development, this paper makes a thorough analysis of the international safety problems and management situation of biotechnology research and development by means of literature research, analysis and synthesis, and comparative study. The results show that the problem of dual-use of biotechnology is becoming more and more serious. Domestic and international research has been carried out and corresponding management measures have been taken. This paper summarizes that these management measures have the characteristics of different management modes, different types of management objects, wide and narrow scope of management, strict management by licensing for special research and development activities, and special safety management organizations, in order to provide reference for the construction of safety management system of biotechnology research and development in China.