基于ISM模型的企业专利组合核心特征分析

Research on Characteristics of Enterprise’s Patent Portfolio Based on ISM Model

摘要:

累积性创新背景下,越来越多的企业通过构建专利组合获得协同竞争优势。明确专利组合特征之间的关系对科学构建专利组合至关重要,而现有研究鲜有涉及。通过梳理专利组合的国内外文献,对企业专利组合的19个特征进行辨识和厘定,基于解释结构模型构建了核心特征的递阶模型。研究发现,专利组合的特征存在5个层级的结构关系；专利申请量、专利授权量、发明专利授权量和后向引证技术范围是影响企业专利组合的基础因素；第四层级(海外授权量占比、发明专利占比、权利范围和技术范围)和第三层级(自引率、平均专利寿命、平均前向引证和市场范围)是影响企业专利组合的过程因素；专利组合规模、专利组合范围、专利组合多样性、专利相关性和技术独占性是影响企业专利组合的根源性因素；专利组合质量与核心专利价值是企业专利组合的重要标尺。

Abstract:

More enterprises begin to construct a patent portfolio in order to obtain general-coordinative advantages in the context of cumulative innovation. Making out relationships among the characteristics of patent portfolio is essential for its construction, however, little attention has been given to this issue. This paper identified 19 characteristics of patent portfolio on the basis of literature review, and we try to construct the multi-level recursive model for these characteristics based on interpretative structural modeling method. Results present a five-layer model describing the characteristics of patent portfolio. The amount of patent application, patent authorization, patent for invention and technical scope of backward citation are the basic factors affecting patent portfolio. Tier 4 (proportion of overseas patent authorization, proportion of patent for invention, scope of patent rights and technical scope) and tier 3 (self-citation rate, average patent life, average forward citation and market scope) are the process factors affecting patent portfolio. Patent portfolio size, patent portfolio scope, patent portfolio diversity, patent relevance and exclusivity of patent right are the fundamental factors affecting patent portfolio. Patent portfolio quality and the value of core patents are directory indexes of patent portfolio.