Abstract:taking 265 enterprises in the new energy industry from 2013 to 2017 as a sample, this paper studies the internal mechanism of government subsidies to promote innovation performance of new energy listed companies by using Poisson regression and negative regression estimation methods. The results show that: Direct government subsidies and tax rebates have a significant positive impact on the innovation performance of new energy listed companies. Executive team awareness has a partial mediating effect between government subsidies and R D investment. Research and development(R D) investment has some mediative effect between executive team consciousness and innovation performance. At the same time, there are significant differences in the role of government subsidies in regulating the innovation performance of new energy listed companies in different life cycles.