Abstract:The National Science and Technology Major Project (NSTMP) is the top priority of science and technology plan for China"s science and technology development. It is an important carrier for deepening the reform of the science and technology system and promoting the organic integration of science and technology and economy. Researcher are the key factors to ensure the realization of the goals of major special tasks. The lack of incentives will affect the enthusiasm and creativity of personnel who undertake NSTMP tasks, and even lead to the outflow of talent. This paper has conducted in-depth research on the incentive mechanism of NSTMP, and analyzed some existing problems through policy analysis, questionnaire survey, field research and expert discussion, and finally put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.