中国海洋科技创新效率省际差异及驱动因素分析

Research on the Interprovincial Differences and driving factors of China"s Marine Science and Technology Innovation Efficiency

摘要:

海洋科技创新引领了海洋产业发展的方向,是推动海洋经济发展的第一动力,深入研究海洋科技创新效率对于促进海洋经济高质量发展具有重要的现实意义。针对随机前沿模型单一产出指标的缺点,构建创新产出综合指数,然后运用随机前沿模型测算了2011-2016年中国沿海11个省市海洋科技创新投入产出效率,在考虑时滞效应的情况下分析了创新效率影响因素的作用,结果显示：2011-2016年间,海洋科技创新产出水平方面,上海、山东、广东位居全国前三,创新效率方面,辽宁、上海、广东位居全国前三；海洋科技创新中资金投入比人员投入占有更重要的地位,海洋科技创新效率处于规模报酬递减阶段,海洋科技创新效率省际差异较大；海洋科技人员素质对于创新效率有1年的滞后效应；海洋科研经费投入强度、海洋产业结构水平、外商投资利用水平与海洋科技创新效率正相关,海洋科研人员素质与海洋科技创新效率负相关,海洋科研人员结构及分工亟需优化；影响海洋科研效率的因素存在区域差异,海洋科研投入强度和海洋产业结构水平分别是影响高效率和低效率的主要因素。

Abstract:

The innovation of marine science and technology leads the development direction of marine industry and is the first driving force to promote the development of marine economy. It is of great practical significance to study the efficiency of marine scientific and technological innovation in order to promote the high-quality development of marine economy. The input-output efficiency of marine science and technology innovation in 11 coastal provinces and municipalities of China from 2007 to 2016 is estimated by using stochastic frontier model. The effect of factors influencing innovation efficiency is analyzed considering the time lag effect, and the convergence of innovation efficiency is studied. The results show that: In terms of output level of marine science and technology innovation, Shanghai, Shandong and Guangdong rank the top three in China, but Liaoning, Shanghai and Guangdong rank the top three in innovation efficiency. The investment in marine science and technology innovation is more important than that of scientific researchers, the efficiency of marine science and technology innovation is in the stage of diminishing returns to scale, and the efficiency of marine science and technology innovation varies greatly among provinces in the period of 2011-2016. The quality of marine science and technology personnel has a one-year lag effect on innovation efficiency. The investment intensity of marine scientific research funds, the level of marine industrial structure, the level of foreign investment and utilization are positively correlated with the efficiency of marine scientific and technological innovation. The quality of marine scientific researchers is negatively correlated with the efficiency of marine scientific and technological innovation. The structure and division of labor of marine scientific researchers need to be optimized urgently. The factors affecting the efficiency of marine scientific research vary from region to region. The intensity of investment in marine scientific research and the level of marine industrial structure are the main factors affecting the high efficiency and low efficiency respectively.