Abstract:With the reform of China's science and technology evaluation system, this paper analyzes and reveals the current situation of peer review of scientific research achievements of national key laboratories in China. Considering the shortcomings of current peer review model, we propose a set of innovative peer review model of national key laboratories to meet the requirements of China on optimizing the evaluation system of science and technology. With the perspective of scientific research ecosystem, this evaluation model considers the input, output and scientific research environment, which conforms to the objective law of scientific research activities. Guided by the degree of academic innovation and contribution of scientific research output, systematic evaluation is carried out to make the evaluation results more objective and complete, which is conducive to building a better and sustainable scientific research ecology.