产业创新系统视角下的中国高铁技术创新研究

Research on Technological Innovation of High-speed Rail in China: From the Perspective of Sectoral System of Innovation

摘要:

近年来，我国高铁产业发展迅猛，不仅实现了成功的技术引进，而且完成了高质量的技术赶超。本文在前人研究的基础上，利用产业创新系统理论对于这一问题背后的原因进行了探究。通过构建“知识和技术-行为主体和网络-制度”三维度分析框架，研究发现：中国高铁产业的技术引进、积累和赶超是各行为人和网络与制度、环境共同作用，形成合力的结果。一方面，在行为人和网络中，政府扮演了极为重要的角色。具体来说，首先原铁道部实施了积极有为的产业政策，在技术引进之初就积累起了相当大的政策优势.其次，科技部牵头建立的高铁产学研体系作为技术创新的主体，发挥了至关重要的作用.最后，地方政府的积极配合也为高铁技术的顺利“落地”提供了舞台；而另一方面，即制度和环境层面，我国较低的征地成本、庞大的市场需求以及相对完备的工业体系也为高铁的技术创新提供了有力的支撑。

Abstract:

In recent years, China’s high-speed rail industry has not only achieved successful technology introduction, but also high-quality technology catch-up. Based on previous researches, this paper explores the reason behind the problem using sectoral systems of innovation theory. By constructing a three-dimensional framework, this paper finds that: the success is a result of joint action of various actors and networks. On the one hand, the Chinese government plays an extremely important role. Specifically, first of all, the former Ministry of Railways implemented an active and promising industrial policy, which accumulating considerable policy advantages at the beginning of technology introduction. Second, the industry-university-research system led by the Ministry of Science and Technology was established as the main body of technological innovation. Finally, the active cooperation of local governments also provided a stage for the smooth “landing” of HSR technology; On the other hand, that is, at the institutional and environmental level, China’s low land acquisition cost, enormous market demand, and the relatively complete industrial system also provided strong support the technological innovation.