人力资本与环境库兹涅茨曲线*

Research on the Relationship between Human Capital and Environmental Kuznets Curve

摘要:

环境库兹涅茨曲线描述了经济发展水平与环境质量之间的非线性关系。为了验证经济发展水平与水污染的环境库兹涅茨曲线关系,进一步考察人力资本对曲线的影响,应用系统广义矩估计(SYS-GMM)方法对中国30个省份2007-2017年数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明：第一,经济发展水平与水污染呈倒“U”形的环境库兹涅茨曲线关系；第二,人力资本是环境库兹涅茨曲线移动的“加速”因子,既能够缩小经济增长与水污染同步的“两难”区间,又能够推动经济发展,缩短“爬坡”时间；第三,人力资本是缩小东中西部地区经济差距的重要因素。因此,建议着力形成高级人力资本主导的人力资本结构调整格局,持续推进经济从高速增长向高质量发展转变；着力实施“内培外引”人才战略,以制度激励内生驱动力,实现人力资本的优化配置。

Abstract:

The EKC describes the nonlinear relationship between economic growth and environmental quality. In order to verify the EKC between economic growth and water pollution, and how the human capital changes on the curve, the system GMM model was applied to conduct an empirical analysis of the data of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2017. The results show that: first, the relationship between economic growth and water pollution is an inverted u-shaped just like EKC. Second, human capital is the "accelerating" factor of EKC movement, which can not only narrow the "dilemma" range of economic growth and water pollution synchronization, but also promote economic development and shorten the "climbing" time Third, human capital is an important factor to narrow the economic growth gap. Human capital optimization is an effective way to narrow the regional economic gap. Therefore, it is suggested to strive to form a pattern of human capital structure adjustment dominated by senior human capital, and continuously promote the transformation of economy from high-speed growth to high-quality development. We should implement the strategy of "cultivating talents from within and attracting talents from outside", and use the system to stimulate the internal driving force and optimize the allocation of human capital.