我国区域生态环境效率时空特征及影响因素分析

Analysis on Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Regional Eco-Environmental Efficiency in China

摘要:

在以消耗大量不可再生资源为代价的经济发展模式下,我国生态环境不断恶化,严峻的生态环境已经成为当下社会经济发展的重大阻碍之一。本文运用三阶段DEA模型对我国2008—2017年各省市及各区域生态环境效率进行了时空对比研究。结果表明,(1)三阶段DEA模型较传统DEA更加合理,在不考虑外部环境因素和随机因素的影响下,会使生态环境效率真实值明显高估。(2)不同的环境变量对于生态环境效率的影响作用不同,人口密度、城市化水平有利于提升各省市的环境效率水平；人均GDP和外贸依存度会对环境效率产生负面影响,第二产业增加占比在不同阶段对不同投入变量则体现出不同特征。(3)调整后的区域间真实生态环境效率水平存在明显的空间不平衡现象,华东、东北地区生态环境效率值较高,西南、西北地区处于较低水平。(4)各省市受纯技术效率和规模效率的影响在地域上有较大差异,如西南、西北地区规模效率在第一阶段被明显高估,华南、华中地区则是纯技术效率被高估。针对各省市及各地区表现出来的不同特征,提出各省市应根据研究结果对症下药,充分考虑外部环境因素,合理调整经济、做到经济与环境保护协调发展的对策建议。

Abstract:

Under the economic development mode at the cost of consuming a large number of non-renewable resources, China"s ecological environment is deteriorating, and the severe ecological environment has become one of the major obstacles to the current social and economic development. In this paper, the three-stage DEA model is used to conduct a spatial-temporal comparative study on the eco-environmental efficiency of various provinces and regions in China from 2008 to 2017.The results show that: (1) The three-stage DEA model is more reasonable than the traditional DEA model. Without considering the influence of external environmental factors and random factors, the true value of ecological environmental efficiency will be obviously overestimated. (2) Different environmental variables have different effects on ecological environmental efficiency, and population density and urbanization level are conducive to improving the environmental efficiency level of provinces and cities; Per capita GDP and dependence on foreign trade will have a negative impact on environmental efficiency, and the increase proportion of secondary industry in different stages reflects different characteristics of different input variables. (3) There is an obvious spatial imbalance in the real ecological environmental efficiency level between regions after adjustment. The ecological environmental efficiency value of east China and northeast China is relatively high, while the southwest and northwest of China is relatively low. (4) The impact of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency on provinces and cities varies greatly regionally. For example, scale efficiency in southwest and northwest regions is obviously overestimated in the first stage, while that in south and central China is overestimated. According to the different characteristics of different provinces and cities, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and Suggestions that each province and city should take the external environmental factors into consideration, adjust the economy reasonably, and achieve the synchronous development of economic development and environmental protection according to the research results.