国际比较视野下的中国基础研究：基本特征、资助体系与公共政策

China"s Basic Research from an International Comparison Perspective: Basic Characteristics, Funding System and Public Policies

摘要:

强化基础研究是党的十九大为中国建设创新型国家指明的战略方向。在国际比较视野下从基本特征、资助体系、公共政策三个层面对中国基础研究进行深入剖析,以明确驱动中国基础研究的重点方向。研究发现,中国基础研究的基本特征表现为基础研究水平与经济发展水平不匹配,企业基础研究动力不足,基础研究水平区域差异显著；资助体系特点为基础研究经费基本来源为国家科技财政资金,并由科技部、中国科学院、国家自然科学基金委员会牵头负责主要基础研究计划的资助,但各资助计划存在重复资助的可能；公共政策呈现的特征为各级人民政府是制定政策的主体,并且明确了基础研究发展的近期、中期与长期目标,政策重点突出平台建设、资金支持、人才培养、开放合作、体制机制创新、科研环境改善等方面。

Abstract:

Strengthening basic research is the strategic direction pointed out by the party"s 19th National Congress for China"s construction of innovative country. In the perspective of international comparison, this paper conducted an in-depth analysis of China"s basic research from the three levels of basic characteristics, funding system, and public policy to clarify the key directions driving China"s basic research. The study found that the basic characteristics of basic research in China are that the level of basic research does not match the level of economic development, the motivation of basic research in enterprises is insufficient, and the regional differences in basic research are significant. In terms of funding system, the mainly source of basic research funding is the national science and technology financial funds, and the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China are responsible for funding the main basic research programs, but there may be repeated funding for each funding plan. The characteristics of public policies are that the people"s governments at all levels are the main body of policy formulation, and the short-term, medium-term and long-term goals of basic research and development are clearly defined. The policies focuses on platform construction, financial support, personnel training, open cooperation, institutional mechanism innovation, scientific research environmental improvement and other aspects.