知识溢出跨地域边界的影响因素研究—以生物技术产业为例

What Makes Knowledge Travel More? Determinants of a Biotech Patent’s Influence across Geographical Boundaries in China

摘要:

近年来，随着中国改革开放和经济高速发展，以及中国在高新技术产业的研发投入大幅增长，部分经济发达城市的创新产出（如专利数量）明显增加。如何将上述新知识更好地扩散出去，充分利用知识溢出效应，提升本区域创新能力以及整个社会福利，是我国实现自主创新战略的重要要求。本文从微观专利技术视角，探讨了决定技术知识是否跨地域边界的影响因素。本文基于1999年至2014年的美国专利库数据，采集了764个中国生物技术专利被引用信息，探讨了专利的六个特征（科技关联度、技术搜索广度、研究合作、权利要求数、专利范围、专利高度）对是否被后续施引专利产生跨地域影响进行实证分析。实证结果发现，合作开发对知识本地化溢出具有负向影响；而科学知识与知识溢出本地化呈现U型关系。

Abstract:

In recent years, China's R&D investment in high-tech industries has grown substantially. while the number of innovative outputs (such as patents) in some economically developed cities has increased significantly, and technological output has become increasingly localized. But what factors determine the impact of technological output across geographical boundaries? Based on patent data from 1999 to 2014, we used 764 Chinese biotechnology patents for empirical analysis. We measured the six patent characteristics of these patents (Sci-Tech Relation, Tech search breadth, Research collaboration, Patent claim, Patent scope, Patent height). The empirical results show that Research collaboration has a negative impact on knowledge localization knowledge spillover; while scientific knowledge and localized knowledge spillovers present U-shaped relationship, that is, the more scientific papers cited by patents, the stronger the interaction between science and technology. As a result, the probability that a subsequent patent will produce breakthrough innovation will be greater, and the requirement for the inventor's absorptive capacity and geographic proximity will be higher, and thus the knowledge diffusion will be more localized. This finding is important for local government innovation policies, and local governments often want to increase the localization of knowledge spillovers to maximize the benefits of policies within their jurisdiction.