我国粮食主产区粮食农业绿色全要素生产率测度及影响因素研究

Study on the measurement and influencing factors of green total factor productivity of grain agriculture in the main grain producing areas of China

摘要:

本文选取2000—2017年粮食主产区的农业投入、产出面板数据，基于松弛变量的方向距离函数(SBM-DDF)的Luenberger指数对其农业绿色全要素生产率（GTFP）进行测度，并对其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明: ( 1) 全国粮食主产区总体农业GTF年均值为1.029,除个别年份外,其在碳排放约束下的农业GTFP均值均大于1,说明在大多数年份中我国粮食主产区的农业绿色全要素生产效率都存在一定程度的改善。(2)各粮食主产区农业GTFP水平差异明显,其中河北、江苏、山东、辽宁的农业TFP、技术进步指数和技术效率水平均大于全国粮食主产区水平。 (3)从粮食主产区农业GTFP的分解项上来看,碳排放约束下的农业GTFP增长主要依靠绿色技术进步的推动,绿色技术进步指数对于农业GTFP的作用一直领先于绿色技术效率,而绿色技术效率在其增速落后于绿色技术进步的情况下,出现了持续恶化现象。(4)机械化水平、财政支出水平对粮食主产区农业绿色全要素生产率表现为显著正向影响；粮食作物受灾水平、灌溉设备水平、农资化肥负荷指数、劳均经营规模、第二三产业发展水平对粮食主产区农业绿色全要素生产效率有显著负向影响。

Abstract:

This paper selects the panel data of agricultural input and output in the main grain producing areas from 2000 to 2017, measures the green total factor productivity(GTFP)of agricultural based on Luenberger index of direction distance function (sbm-ddf) of relaxation variable, and analyzes its influencing factors.The results show that: (1) the average annual value of agricultural GTF in the main grain producing areas is 1.029, except for some years, the average value of agricultural gtfp under the constraint of carbon emission is greater than 1, which indicates that the efficiency of agricultural green total factor production in the main grain producing areas has improved to a certain extent in most years. (2) the level of agricultural gtfp in the main grain producing areas is significantly different. The agricultural TFP, technical progress index and technical efficiency in Hebei, Jiangsu, Shandong and Liaoning are all higher than that in the main grain producing areas of China (3) from the decomposition of agricultural gtfp in the main grain production area, the growth of agricultural gtfp under the constraint of carbon emission mainly depends on the promotion of green technology progress, and the green technology progress index has been leading the role of agricultural gtfp in green technology efficiency, while the green technology efficiency has continued to deteriorate when its growth rate lags behind the green technology progress. (4) mechanization level and financial expenditure level have significant positive effects on the agricultural green TFP in the main grain producing areas; the disaster level of grain crops, the level of irrigation equipment, the load index of agricultural materials and fertilizer, the scale of average labor management and the development level of the second and third industries have significant negative effects on the agricultural green TFP in the main grain producing areas.