美国STAR METRICS项目的实施与评价——兼论对我国科技政策与科研评估的启示

The Implementation and The Evaluation of The STAR METRICS Project in the U.S.A：and Illustration for Chinese Evaluation of Scientific Research Policy and Scientific Research Evaluation

摘要:

STAR METRICS项目是美国联邦政府开展并实施的，针对因缺乏数据和信息支持而导致的政府科技决策失灵问题，以评估科研成果外部社会影响及其社会贡献为目标的科研评估项目。该项目自运行至今共有两个阶段，第一阶段聚焦美国联邦政府科研投入对劳动力就业的影响，第二阶段聚焦联邦政府的科研投入对科学知识、社会产出、劳动力产出与经济增长的影响。本研究通过收集STAR METRICS官网以及美国相关政府部门网站中关于STAR METRICS项目的第一手资料，系统梳理了该项目的缘起、实施流程、数据收集及评估指标等方面，并对其独具的优势和面临的挑战进行了深入分析，籍此为我国科技政策与科研评估改革提供三点启示：关注并开展科研成果的非学术影响评估；构筑并完善机构数据共享网络；提升科技政策决策科学化水平。

Abstract:

STAR METRICS is a project to evaluate social influence and social contribution of scientific research implemented by the Federal Government of the United States in order to solve the problem of government science and technology decision failure caused by the lack of data and information support. The project has two stages. The first stage of the project aims to evaluate the impact of the scientific research invested by the Federal Government on employment. The second stage focuses on evaluating the impact of scientific research investment by the Federal Government on scientific knowledge, social outcomes, workforce outcomes and economic growth. Through collecting the first-hand information about STAR METRICS project from the official website and websites of government of the United States, this study hackles the origin, implementation process, data collection and evaluation indicators of this project, and makes in-depth analysis of its unique advantages and challenges, and provides three inspirations on reforming and developing the policy of evaluating scientific research and evaluation of our country. Firstly, paying attention to the non-academic impact of scientific research; secondly, building and complete the sharing network of scientific data; thirdly, improving the scientific level of scientific research policy.