北京市新能源汽车动力电池回收模式及经济性分析

Recycling Modes and Economic Analysis of New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries in Beijing

摘要:

2020年北京市退役动力电池量将超过5 000吨。2019年京津冀地区确定了18个新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用试点示范项目，同期，北京58家汽车生产/梯次利用企业在官方网站公布了263个回收服务网点信息。回收模式方面，国外在产业联盟回收模式、生产者自主回收模式和第三方回收模式等方面已有成熟案例。研究表明，北京市新能源汽车动力电池回收模式短期内以汽车生产企业自主回收为主，市场成熟后，产业联盟和第三方回收模式将更具优势。经济性方面，北京市场上动力电池以三元电池为主，可通过湿法回收再生金属获取价值，811型三元电池回收将亏损535.4元/t，622型三元电池回收收益为517.7元/t。当电池收购成本低于7 000元/t时，两类三元电池回收均可实现盈利。

Abstract:

In 2020, the amount of retired power batteries in Beijing will exceed 5,000 tons. In 2019, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region identified 18 new energy vehicle power battery recycling pilot demonstration projects. During the same period, 58 automobile manufacturers/echelon utilization companies in Beijing announced 263 recycling service outlets information on the official website. In terms of recycling modes, there have been mature cases in foreign countries such as industrial alliance recycling mode, producer self-recycling recycling mode, and third-party recycling mode. Research shows that the recycling mode of power batteries for new energy vehicles in Beijing will be mainly self-recycling by auto manufacturers in the short term. After the market matures, the industrial alliance and third-party recycling modes will have more advantages. In terms of economy, power batteries in the Beijing market are dominated by ternary batteries, and value can be obtained through recycled metals. The recycling of 811 ternary batteries will result in a loss of 535.4 yuan/t, and the recycling of 622 ternary batteries will receive 517.7 yuan/t. When the battery purchase cost is less than 7,000 yuan/t, both types of ternary battery recycling can be profitable.