通过对新中国成立70年来我国经济体制与科技体制改革过程的梳理，分析每个改革阶段体制的变化对科技服务业的制约、激励和双重影响。研究结果表明：（1）新中国成立初期集中统一的计划体制阻碍科技服务业的产生，市场化程度低、科技资源配置不合理与科技成果转化限制为制约因素；（2）随着改革的不断深化，基本体制保障、技术商品化的合法性、市场化程度的提高、科技成果产业化等因素激励科技服务业快速发展；（3）两种体制改革对科技服务业的人力要素、服务平台以及服务生态带来双重影响。并提出相关政策建议：持续深化体制改革，促进科技服务最大程度市场化，逐步完善科技服务生态以及提升科技服务组织专业能力与盈利能力。

Based on the analysis of the reform process of China's economic system and science and technology system in the 70 years since the founding of new China, this paper analyzes the restriction, incentive and double influence of the system change in each reform stage on the science and technology service industry. The results show that: (1) the centralized and unified planning system in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China hinders the production of science and technology service industry, and the low degree of marketization, the unreasonable allocation of science and technology resources and the limitation of the transformation of science and technology achievements are the restrictive factors; (2) with the deepening of reform, the basic system guarantee, the legitimacy of technology commercialization, the improvement of marketization, the industrialization of science and technology achievements and other factors To encourage the rapid development of science and technology service industry; (3) the two kinds of system reform have double effects on human factors, service platform and service ecology of science and technology service industry. And put forward relevant policy suggestions: continue to deepen the system reform, promote the marketization of science and technology services to the greatest extent, gradually improve the science and technology service ecology and enhance the professional ability and profitability of science and technology service organizations.

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