基于美国经验的我国海洋渔业管理制度创新研究

Research on innovation of China

摘要:

生态整体主义视角下的海洋渔业管理制度,本质上是对整体用海行为的约束与限制,目的是为了保障整体利益涵盖下个体利益的持续兑现。美国在渔场重建计划基础之上所采取的有限准入与产出控制相结合的实施机制,正是契合海洋生态系统特性的制度模式,其在许可准入、配额捕捞、过程监管以及社会配套等领域的制度实施相对完善。借鉴美国经验,我国应在科学评估鱼种资源最大可持续生产量基础之上,创新海洋渔业管理模式,探索实施符合我国国情的准入许可及配额捕捞模式,从而实现海洋渔业资源可持续利用的目标诉求。

Abstract:

The marine fishery management system from the perspective of ecological holism which the essence is a restriction and limitation on the overall sea use behavior. The purpose is to ensure the continuous realization of individual interests covered by the overall interests.The implementation mechanism that combines the limited access and output control adopted by the United States on the basis of the fishery reconstruction plan is the institutional model that fits the characteristics of the marine ecosystem.Its system implementation in the areas of permit access, quota fishing, process supervision and social support is relatively complete.Drawing on the experience of the United States, China should innovate the fishery management model based on scientific assessment of the maximum sustainable production of fingerling resources, and explore the implementation of access permits and quota fishing modes that are in line with China"s national conditions, so as to achieve the sustainable use of marine fishery resources Goal appeal.