Abstract:National key research and development program of China is one important integrated project of five kinds of projects for the reform of science and technology planning management currently in China in 2014. Key projects is as the fundamental element of organization and implementation of National key research and development Program of China. By analyze the characteristic and the process of application, organization, implementation and management of Key project, we shared the experience of organization and implementation based on practice. These will provide inspirations and references for the application and management of the National key research and development programs of China.