创新价值链视角下中国高校科技创新效率评价

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Scientific and Technological Innovation in Chinese Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Innovative Value Chain

摘要:

高校是基础研究的主体,高校科技创新是建设创新型国家的重要保障,是产业升级、经济转型的关键。现阶段,如何在有限的高校资源投入下提升高校科技创新效率刻不容缓。基于创新价值链视角,将高校科技创新分为知识创新阶段、科研创新阶段和创新收益阶段。运用超效率SBM模型分析了2005～2017年中国30个省市高校科技创新效率,进而以北部综合经济区、黄河中游综合经济区和中国整体为例,分析其三阶段效率演化动态趋势。研究发现：①中国高校科技创新效率各阶段效率及总体效率偏低,且创新高的省份与效率低的省份差距愈来愈大；②各阶段中,知识创新效率>科研创新效率>创新收益效率；③区域间高校科技创新效率存在明显的阶段性和差异性,黄河中游、东部沿海、长江中游等综合经济区知识创新阶段较高,东部沿海、南部沿海和北部沿海等综合经济区科研创新效率较高,南部沿海、北部沿海等综合经济区创新收益阶段创新效率较高。针对现阶段中高校在科技创新过程中不足问题,提出了对策建议。

Abstract:

Since the main body of basic research is colleges and universities, scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities is not only an important guarantee for building an innovative country, but also the key to achieve industrial upgrading and economic transformation. At this stage, it is urgent to improve the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities under the limited investment of university resources. This paper divides the scientific and technological innovation in colleges and universities into knowledge innovation stage, scientific research innovation stage and innovation income stage from the perspective of innovation value chain, analyses the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2005 to 2017 by using the Super-SBM, and analyses the dynamic trend of efficiency evolution in the three stages by taking the north comprehensive economic zone, the middle yellow river comprehensive economic zone and the whole China as an example. This paper finds that: (1) not only the efficiency at all stages and overall efficiency of scientific and technological innovation in China"s colleges and universities are relatively low, but also the gap between provinces with high innovation efficiency and provinces with low efficiency is widening; (2) there are situations of knowledge innovation efficiency > scientific research innovation efficiency > innovation income efficiency in all stages; (3) there are obvious stages and differences in the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation among universities in different regions. Among them, the comprehensive economic zones such as the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the eastern coast and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have higher efficiency in the stage of knowledge innovation, while the comprehensive economic zones such as the eastern coast, the southern coast and the northern coast have higher efficiency in the stage of scientific and technological innovation, and the comprehensive economic zones such as the southern coast and the northern coast have higher efficiency in the stage of innovation income. This paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on the shortcomings of colleges and universities in the process of scientific and technological innovation at the present stage.