基于DEA窗口模型的中国碳减排技术研发效率评估

Evaluation of China's carbon emission reduction technology R & D efficiency based on DEA window model

摘要:

本文的目的在于通过评价我国碳减排技术研发效率,探索促进二氧化碳减排的可行技术路径。文章基于不同的技术减排机理,将碳减排技术分为能源生产技术和能源利用技术,并利用DEA窗口模型对2005-2017年的碳减排技术研发效率进行了评估。结果发现：(1)研究期内,能源生产技术研发效率总体上没有取得进步,基本上维持在0.77左右,能源利用技术的研发效率有明显提升,从0.58上升到0.78。(2)不管是能源生产技术还是能源利用技术,纯技术效率达到有效的年份都很少,表明研发资源配置不合理、管理效率低是造成部分年份能源生产技术和能源利用技术研发效率偏低或波动的主要原因。(3)能源生产技术方面,纯技术效率、规模效率最低的是煤炭开采和洗选业；能源利用技术方面,纯技术效率、规模效率最低的是黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业。因此,我国应加大煤炭清洁生产技术研发投入和加快钢铁等高耗能、高排放产业领域落后产能的淘汰力度。

Abstract:

The purpose of this article is to explore feasible technological paths to promote carbon dioxide emission reduction by evaluating the efficiency of China's carbon emission reduction technology research and development. Based on different technical emission reduction mechanisms, this paper divides carbon emission reduction technology into energy production technology and energy utilization technology, and uses the DEA window model to evaluate the carbon emission reduction technology research and development efficiency from 2005 to 2017. The results found that: (1) During the study period, the R & D efficiency of energy production technology did not generally improve, and basically remained at about 0.77, and the R & D efficiency of energy utilization technology improved significantly, from 0.575 to 0.781. (2) Regardless of whether it is energy production technology or energy utilization technology, there are very few years when the pure technical efficiency reaches the effective level, indicating that the unreasonable allocation of R & D resources and low management efficiency have caused the low R & D efficiency of energy production technology and energy utilization technology in some years The main cause of fluctuations. (3) In terms of energy production technology, the lowest pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are in the coal mining and washing industry; in the energy utilization technology, the lowest pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are in the ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry. Therefore, China should increase investment in clean coal production technology research and development and accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity in high energy-consuming and high-emission industries such as steel.