人工智能对就业影响研究的源起、热点与趋势——基于知识图谱文献计量方法

The Research of the Origin, Hot Spot and Trend on the Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Employment—— Based on Bibliometrics

摘要:

人工智能已成为新一轮产业变革的核心驱动力、经济发展的新引擎和社会发展加速器,必将对就业产生深远影响。近年来,人工智能对就业的影响受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文应用Citespace软件,对CNKI数据库和WOS核心集合中关于人工智能影响就业主题的文献进行可视化分析,发现核心研究国家,对比国内外的研究机构分布和关键词共现状况,分析关键节点文献,追溯研究源起、梳理研究现状、热点及发展趋势。研究发现,当前各国、各研究机构间的联系较为松散,缺乏多学科领域合作。就业极化和收入极化成为重要研究视角,技术进步、数字化转型、工作时长和常规性结构成为重要的研究领域,人工智能对就业影响的“情景化”、 “异质化”研究、 “重塑效应”、人机协同情景下的人机“共生关系”、基于人类价值的就业质量提升、劳动者的知识技能转化、人工智能下的就业心理、就业领域的伦理道德、基于产业与就业动态匹配的应对政策以及人工智能与就业关系的跨学科交叉研究将成为未来的十大研究趋势。

Abstract:

Artificial intelligence has become the core driving force of a new round of industrial transformation, a new engine of economic development and an accelerator of social development, which will surely have a far-reaching impact on employment. In recent years, the influence of artificial intelligence on employment has been widely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. In this paper, Citespace software was used to analyze the literature on artificial intelligence affecting employment in CNKI database and WOS core set. This paper finds the core research countries, compares the distribution of research institutions at home and abroad and the situation of keyword co-occurrence, analyzes the key node literature, traces the research origin, sorts out the research status, hot spots and development trend. It is found that the relationship between countries and research institutions is relatively loose, and there is a lack of multidisciplinary cooperation. Employment polarization and income polarization become important research perspectives. Technological progress, digital transformation, working hours and regular structure become important research fields. Artificial intelligence (AI) impact on the employment of "situation" and "heterogeneity" research, "reshaping effect", man-machine coordinated scenarios of man-machine "symbiosis", the employment quality improvement based on human values, the knowledge and skills of laborer transformation, artificial intelligence under the employment psychological, employment in the field of ethics, based on the dynamic matching industry and employment policies and interdisciplinary research in artificial intelligence (AI) and employment relations will become the top ten research trend in the future.