农业知识产权制度中利益冲突的识别与衡平

Identification and Balance of Conflicts in Agricultural Intellectual Property Interest

摘要:

农业知识产权制度应当解决好利益和利益冲突问题，这也是其研究的基本范畴。不稳定性因素大量增加以及新客体的快速扩展，加之地域性与国际性的冲突加剧，使得农业知识产权制度中的利益冲突愈加明显。农业知识产权领域的利益冲突表现为五组正当利益的非对抗性失衡：权利主体自身利益中“投入-产出”如何把握？权利保护的利益与农业科技发展的利益如何兼顾？融入规则还是改变规则？独立权利追求还是多元利益诉求实现？并进一步加剧了农业知识产权制度自身“公-私”权属性的竞合：农业知识产权公权介入私权的强烈倾向，引发了对农业知识产权独占性私权性质的质疑，并将农业知识产权保护的加强等同于公权救济介入，同时，过多的公权介入对其独占性私权也产生了一定的“挤出”效应。农业知识产权法领域内的利益冲突不能借助排除法进行消除，而是正当利益的排序性选择问题，可通过动态、进化的视野寻求多元利益实现、利益衡平公共性的达成与社区发展权注入的共享普惠机制来解除。

Abstract:

Agricultural intellectual property system should solve the problem of interest and conflict of interest, which is also the basic category of its research.The increasing of unstable factors and the rapid expansion of new objects, together with the intensification of regional and international conflicts, make the conflicts of interest in agricultural intellectual property system more and more obvious.The conflict of interest in the field of agricultural intellectual property is manifested in the non-antagonistic imbalance of five groups of legitimate interests: how to grasp the input-output in the interests of the right subject?How to balance the interests of the protection of rights and the development of agricultural science and technology?Embrace the rules or change the rules?The pursuit of independent rights or the realization of diversified interests?Agricultural intellectual property system and further intensified their "public - private power attribute of competition: agricultural intellectual property public rights are involved in the strong tendency of private rights, the agricultural intellectual property rights to exclusive private rights nature of the questions, and to strengthen the agricultural intellectual property rights protection equal to public rights relief intervention, at the same time, too much of the public power intervention in the exclusive private rights has also had a certain" crowd out "effect.The conflicts of interest in the field of agricultural intellectual property law can not be eliminated by means of the elimination method, but by the sorting and selection of legitimate interests, which can be removed by seeking the realization of multiple interests, the realization of interest equity and publicity from a dynamic and evolutionary perspective and the sharing and universal benefit mechanism of community development right injection.