生态位视角下浙江省农业竞争力创新评价及演化研究*

Evaluation and evolution of agricultural competitiveness in Zhejiang Province from the perspective of niche

摘要:

[目的]研究农业竞争力对促进当地农业增效、农民增收、农村发展具有重要意义。[方法]首次基于生态位视角,创新构建农业竞争力综合评价体系,测算了浙江省各个地级市农业竞争力生态位值、生态位重叠度和生态位宽度,并据此对各个地级市农业竞争力进行评价与演化分析。[结果]结果表明：①浙江省11个地级市的农业竞争力水平整体表现出从东北向西南的距离衰减性,舟山、宁波和杭州综合生态位值处于领先地位,金华、衢州和丽水综合生态位值处于落后地位,在2010－2019年10年间各个地级市之间综合生态位排名次序相对稳定,农业经济出现固化态势；②地级市的综合农业生态位与生态位宽度,产生背离现象,衡量农业竞争力发展水平,需综合考虑其影响支配力( 生态位值) 和资源获取力( 生态位宽度)；③地级市之间农业竞争力生态位高度重叠,竞争显著。[结论]最后研究发现：各个地级市应强化核心区辐射带动,开展生态位扩充、生态位协同发展策略,优化生态位结构,提高其农业竞争力,破除农业经济固化态势。

Abstract:

The study of agricultural competitiveness is of great significance to the promotion of local agricultural efficiency, farmers" income and rural development. Based on the view of niche, a comprehensive evaluation system of agricultural competitiveness is constructed, in which each prefecture level city in Zhejiang Province is taken as the evaluation subject. The niche value, niche overlap and niche width of agricultural competitiveness of each prefecture level city in Zhejiang Province are calculated, and the agricultural competitiveness of each prefecture level city is evaluated and analyzed. The results show that: (1) The agricultural competitiveness level of 11 prefecture level cities in Zhejiang Province shows the attenuation from northeast to southwest,The comprehensive niche values of Zhoushan, Ningbo and Hangzhou are in the leading position, while those of Jinhua, Quzhou and Lishui are in the backward position. In the 10 years from 2010 to 2019, the ranking order of the comprehensive ecological niche of each prefecture level city is relatively stable, and the agricultural economy is solidified; (2) The comprehensive agricultural ecological niche of prefecture level city deviates from the width of the ecological niche, so as to measure the development level of agricultural competitiveness, its influence dominance (ecological niche value) and resource acquisition power need to be considered comprehensively; (3) The niche of agricultural competitiveness is highly overlapped and the competition is significant. [Conclusion] Finally, it is found that all prefecture level cities should strengthen the radiation drive of core areas, carry out the strategies of niche expansion and niche coordinated development, optimize the niche structure, improve their agricultural competitiveness, and break the solidified trend of agricultural economy.